A confined space may refer to the following examples: ducts, vessels, culverts, tunnels, boreholes, bored piles, manholes, enclosed drains, shafts, excavations, sumps, inspection pits, cofferdams, sewers, ballast tanks, building voids, plant rooms, ductwork, cellars, enclosures for the purpose of asbestos removal; and the interiors of machines, plant or vehicles.

Dangers in confined spaces could arise from a lack of oxygen, poisonous gas/fumes/vapours, liquids or solids suddenly filling a space, fire or explosions, residues giving off gas/fumes/vapour, hot conditions or dust in high concentration. Some hazards could be created by the task being undertaken in the space.

See our guidance below regarding legislation, hazards and controls.